What is a "Pastor"? (A Quick Overview)

"And He Himself [Jesus] gave some to be apostles, some prophets, some evangelists, and some pastors and teachers, for the equipping of the saints for the work of ministry, for the edifying of the body of Christ" Ephesians 4:11-12

The Greek word for "pastor" is poimēn which means a shepherd, and we get the English word "pastor" from the Latin word pastores which also means a shepherd. So what is a pastor? Well,  first according to the Bible, Ephesians 4:11-12 tells us that abilities of a pastor are spiritual gifts. So the first thing we notice about a pastor is that it a spiritual gift or calling within the body of believers and not a job in the same sense we use the word job today.

"Shepherd the flock of God which is among you, serving as overseers, not by constraint but willingly, not for dishonest gain but eagerly; not as being lords over those entrusted to you, but being examples to the flock" 1 Peter 5:2-3

The second thing we notice is that the Lord is telling His church through Peter that a pastor is supernaturally called by God to oversee a group of believers. In addition the pastor is to be the teaching elder and is called to teach and guide the congregation. A pastor is a shepherd of the flock of God primarily (though not exclusively) through teaching the Word of God. So the pastor role is about preaching the gospel (and heaven and hell) to help people come to Christ, and teach through the whole Bible equipping believers for Gods work. Also in Ephesians 4:11 the word "and" could really be removed to say "pastor-teachers" as the ancient Greek clearly describes one office with two descriptive titles.

Jesus said to His disciples, "Feed My lambs" John 21:15

The next thing we see is that the primary purpose of the pastor and the church isn't to convert sinners to Christianity, but to perfect (complete and mature) the saints for the ministry and edification of the Body (which includes going out to share the Gospel with the unbelieving). Jesus wanted Peter and the disciples to feed those who trusted in Him and are His children. Jesus said, "Do you love me? Feed my sheep."
When believers are feed the Word of God they can then become a witness to the world around them and evangelism will be a byproduct of a healthy church body.